slingshot n : a plaything consisting of a Y-shaped stick with elastic between the arms; used to propel small stones [syn: sling, catapult]

English

Noun

1. A Y-shaped stick with an elastic band between the arms used for shooting small projectiles.

Synonyms

• catapult (UK)

Translations

A slingshot (also sometimes called a catapult, shanghai, or katty), is a small hand-powered projectile weapon. A forked Y-shaped frame has two rubber strips attached to the uprights, leading back to a pocket for holding the projectile.

It is normally fired by holding the frame in the non-dominant hand, extended at arms length. The pocket is then gripped between thumb and forefinger of the dominant hand, pulled back to near the cheek, aimed, and the pocket released to fire the projectile toward the target.

Home-made slingshots were a popular children's toy for much of the twentieth century.

History

The earliest types of slingshots were invented in Russia. In Russia its name is rogatka, from the word rog (meaning horn in Russian). It's simply a smaller version of a similar but bigger weapon in Ancient Rus', named rogatina.

It relies upon the availability of vulcanized rubber. The most common source of rubber was from the inner tubes of tires, and so it seems unlikely that they were constructed before 1888. Once invented they became an archetypal boy's toy up until shortly after World War II. These were generally self-made from a forked tree branch and "red rubber" inner tubes. (Later inner tubes had carbon-black added, which made them much less elastic. Modern inner tubes use synthetic rubber, and in fact quite a few tires are now tubeless).

Commercial versions were available from early on, and in 1948 Wham-O had as their first product a slingshot, but the sophisticated modern models start with the first wrist-braced slingshot—the Saunders "Wrist-Rocket", in 1954.

Construction and use

Although the simple forked stick and rubber models are still made by children, there are now a range of commercial models, including very sophisticated and powerful ones.

Many more powerful commercial slingshots now have a wrist-braces, and some models have stabilizers, rotating prongs, sighting mechanisms and other sophisticated improvements. While these are not necessary, they usually improve the power, lifespan of the bands and accuracy. The material for the rubbers is critical. The best widely-available material is dipped latex rubber surgical tubing or latex sheeting. It lasts about six months before it needs to be replaced. It can be attached to the frame and packet by stretching it over a metal rod of the correct diameter. Some slingshots have been constructed of metal tubing of the exact diameter. Rubbers should be stored under water away from sunlight, which causes them to stiffen and crack.

A slingshot champion appearing on the David Letterman Show some years ago said to hold the projectile pocket at a fixed position near the body, such as the hip, and move the frame based on gut feeling and practice, just like a gunslinger or hip-shooter in the American wild west. Many gunslingers could hit a target without raising their weapon to eye level.

The common slingshot is made out of wood and rubber tubing. Usually it has a leather pouch in which one places a projectile.

Hunting

A slingshot can be powerful enough to hunt game such as small rodents and birds at ranges up to 25 meters. A typical heavy pull band slingshot should be used with 9mm (3/8") to 12mm (1/2") steel balls. Using lighter ammo doesn't increase the speed of the projectile significantly.

Sport

Slingshots may also be used in recreational paintball games as backup or silent sniper weapons. See Slingshot paintball. Even though the average speed and distance of a slingshot is slightly less than that of a paintball gun http://norcalimmortals.blogspot.com/2005/08/how-about-slingshot-paintball.html, some paintball playing fields may not allow them.

In popular culture

• Slingshots have often been portrayed as the weapon of choice of mischievous youths. Iconic examples of this are Dennis the Menace, Bart Simpson, Oor Wullie, and Opie Taylor from the The Andy Griffith Show.

• Former child actress Shirley Temple revealed in an interview that she was a slingshot user, with Eleanor Roosevelt as one of her "victims".

• In The Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time, Link uses a slingshot as his primary ranged weapon as a child, before growing up and using a bow.

• In the anime/manga series One Piece, one of the main characters, Usopp, uses a slingshot.

• In Anthony Horowitz's series The Power of Five, a slingshot is Pedro's primary weapon.

• Slingshots appear as highly effective weapons in Stephen King's It (novel) and Thinner

See also

• Catapult
• Trebuchet

References

External links

• "How to make a slingshot" - simple forked-stick style.
• http://www.slingshots.net/ - enthusiast's site
• Photographs of a range of older models
• slingshots of the world
• slingshotworld.com